StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson argued that operating as an Ethereum Layer 2 leaves Starknet dependent on Ethereum's upgrade schedule for quantum readiness

Overview Debates Related claims Topics Sources

Coinbase published technical priorities on October 13, 2026, outlining options for Bitcoin's post-quantum migration, including staged wallet upgrades and freezing vulnerable dormant coins

A June 2026 study estimated that approximately 2.3 million Bitcoin held in lost, dormant, or early addresses cannot be moved to quantum-resistant addresses

Approximately 6.04 million to 6.26 million Bitcoin, representing over 30% of all mined Bitcoin, sit in quantum-vulnerable public key addresses

As of October 2026, Bitcoin had fallen nearly 35% from its October 2025 high, Ethereum over 50%, and Solana and XRP each 65%, partly attributed to quantum computing risks.

Almost the entire $2.9 trillion cryptocurrency market relies on classical signatures that could be compromised by sufficiently powerful quantum computers.

An estimated 6 million Bitcoin, representing over 30% of the total Bitcoin supply, is quantum-exposed at rest due to reliance on elliptic-curve signatures.

Algorand's post-quantum cryptography strategy requires delivering deployed network upgrades that institutional participants can evaluate.

PayPal USD became available natively on Polygon through Open Money Stack in July 2026.

Perpetuals.com plans to execute tokenized stock trades through automated market maker liquidity pools on Kronos X Public, an Ethereum-compatible layer-2 blockchain.

StarkWare introduced the STRK20 framework on June 9, 2026, providing shielded balances and private transfers for supported ERC-20 assets on Starknet.

StarkWare launched Shadow Accounts on the Ethereum layer-2 network Starknet on October 13, 2026, introducing persistent application-specific identities.

Nine blockchain organizations formed the Quantum Alliance on October 15, 2026, to develop open standards for assessing quantum readiness across blockchain networks, wallets, and infrastructure.

Algorand CEO William Herkelrath established strengthening the network's post-quantum cryptography capabilities as a core pillar of his strategic brief.

Polygon Labs reportedly sought up to $100 million in April 2026 to support the development of its payments business.

Starknet derives each Shadow Account address from user-specific data, the selected application, and a unique identifier known as a nonce.

Forecasts cited by the Quantum Alliance indicate that practical quantum threats to existing cryptography could emerge around 2028 or 2029.

The Quantum Alliance will adopt an open development process modeled on the Internet Engineering Task Force, evaluating proposals through public evidence, rough consensus, and working implementations.

The Quantum Alliance will publish its work openly to enable projects and observers to evaluate quantum-readiness implementations against unified criteria.

The Quantum Alliance's migration group addresses moving existing funds and keys to post-quantum cryptographic schemes, including assets linked to exposed public keys or inaccessible accounts.

In June 2026, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore directed critical information infrastructure owners to submit migration plans by March 2027 and complete quantum migration by 2031.