The study by Professor Tim Hall and Remo Stieger, published in the Journal of Financial Crime, is the first to combine traditional criminology research methods with on-chain data analysis

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To evaluate bitcoin import and export activity for the year ending in June 2026, Chainalysis relied largely on the web traffic of involved cryptocurrency asset services.

On-chain investigator vxdb estimated losses from Gamdom's October 13, 2026 hot wallet breach at $4.208 million across multiple networks including Ethereum, BSC, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Bitcoin, Solana, and TRON

Starknet Shadow Accounts hold public ERC-20 tokens, allowing blockchain observers to examine transaction histories once a specific Shadow Account address is identified.

Independent blockchain observers detected unusual transfers from addresses associated with Gamdom's hot wallets in the hours before the platform suspended operations.

An orchestrator address beginning with 0x599b routed 9.5 million minted Autheo THEO tokens through roughly 54 swaps across the THEO/USDC pool, Uniswap v4 positions, and Hydrex pools.

Third-party on-chain analyses estimate total losses from tampered Ledger devices sold through Southeast Asian reseller CryptoBilis range between $86 million and $102 million across Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Tron

Excluding validator votes from block data provides a more accurate measure of Solana network activity

Moving validator votes off-chain under the Alpenglow upgrade scheduled for October 21, 2026 is expected to significantly reduce Solana's reported on-chain transaction count without reflecting a decline in actual user trading activity

Figures from the PaperDash analytics dashboard indicated that Papertrade recorded net realized trader losses estimated between $18 million and $28 million in Papertrade's opening days

Galaxy Research reported that $3 million of the stolen Ledger funds had been moved into Tornado Cash and other relay accounts as of October 9, 2026.

Blockchain analytics firm Elliptic linked $507 million in USDT directly to the Central Bank of Iran, reporting that the central bank utilized the stablecoin to support the Iranian rial

A Chainalysis analysis found that Cryptomus and Heleket received funds from thousands of illicit counterparties, peaking at 900 entities in a single month in late 2025

TokenSpot disbursed over $950 million across Grinex, Garantex, and the A7 network, with A7 receiving almost $679.5 million of that total, according to TRM Labs

Chainalysis determined that TokenSpot, Grinex, and Meer received over $308 million from the same HTX deposit address

The U.S. government's Coinbase Prime deposit address has received approximately 11,567 Bitcoin since December 2025, with 5,160 Bitcoin originating from previously unlabeled addresses

Galaxy Research estimated that U.S. government-attributed wallets held approximately 319,086 Bitcoin, down from a peak of 352,587 Bitcoin in August 2024

Galaxy Research identified 2,456 Bitcoin originating from previously unlabeled wallets that followed federal transfer procedures, suggesting official U.S. government holdings may be understated

U.S. government-linked wallets deposited approximately 9,000 Bitcoin, worth about $739 million, to Coinbase Prime on October 8, 2026, according to blockchain analyst EmberCN

In July 2026, the U.S. government routed approximately $288 million in seized Bitcoin and Ether to Coinbase Prime through new intermediary wallets

Researchers analyzed 20.63 billion transactions across seven blockchain networks, including Ethereum, Base, Optimism, Arbitrum, BNB Chain, Avalanche, and Polygon.