Gemini Trust Company had already paid the $5 million civil monetary penalty imposed by the January 2025 consent order, and sought no refund in the May 2026 joint vacatur motion

How governments worldwide set rules for digital assets through legislation, agency rulemaking, licensing regimes and court fights.

Lawsuits, settlements and criminal cases brought by regulators and prosecutors against crypto firms and individuals.

Court decisions that shape digital-asset law, from Ripple and Coinbase rulings on securities status to criminal verdicts against exchange founders.