John F. Kennedy offered Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev a collaborative joint mission to the moon.

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The Soviet Union assisted India in establishing domestic manufacturing facilities for MiG-21 fighter aircraft during the 1970s

In 1971, the Soviet Union deployed a naval fleet to the Indian Ocean during the Indo-Pakistani War to counter United States naval movements

Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin installed a corner reflector system of mirrors on the Moon's surface to measure the Earth-Moon distance via laser

In approximately 620 million years, the Moon will be too far from Earth to produce total solar eclipses

The Moon is moving away from Earth at a rate of approximately one to one and a half inches per year

The Sun is approximately 400 times wider than the Moon and roughly 400 times farther from Earth than the Moon

Both the United States and the Soviet Union maintained dedicated, well-resourced state bioweapons programs during the 20th century

Reunified Germany opened its communist-era Stasi archives to the public during the 1990s

The German V-2 rocket developed during World War II was the first rocket to touch space

In 1983, Soviet interceptors shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 007 after the aircraft strayed into Soviet airspace during a flight from Anchorage to Seoul

Charlie Mary Noble trained a team of children to visually spot and track satellites for Project Moonwatch

The Transit satellite navigation system was developed as a predecessor to GPS to aid submarines operating in the high Arctic

Project Moonwatch organized civil volunteer groups across the United States to visually track early satellites from the rooftops of high schools and community centers

Following World War II, the United States established a standing armaments industry utilizing private corporations rather than relying solely on government-run arsenals

Following the Cold War, the United States defense industrial base consolidated into five prime contractors: Lockheed Martin, RTX, General Dynamics, Northrop Grumman, and Boeing

During the April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, President John F. Kennedy refused to authorize the deployment of United States air power to support the exile force

In April 1961, approximately 1,400 CIA-trained Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro's government

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President John F. Kennedy implemented a naval quarantine of Cuba rather than ordering an immediate military strike or invasion

On October 27, 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, a United States U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down over Cuba, resulting in the death of pilot Major Rudolf Anderson

On October 27, 1962, United States Navy surface ships dropped depth charges near Soviet submarine B-59 in the Atlantic