A dummy-mander occurs when a party creates narrow majorities across districts that subsequently collapse into seat losses during an opposing wave election

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Proportional representation allows political parties to receive legislative seats in proportion to their total share of the vote across multi-member districts

The political term gerrymander originated from Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry and a district map resembling a salamander

Gerrymandering requires single-member plurality voting, geographic district boundaries, and partisan authority over map drawing

In gerrymandering, districts are drawn to concentrate opposition voters into a few districts while securing small majorities in the remaining districts

The United States Supreme Court held that federal courts do not possess jurisdiction to adjudicate claims of partisan gerrymandering

A federal district court dismissed the Department of Justice's lawsuit attempting to block Alaska from certifying election results involving a candidate named Dan Sullivan

The National Party and the Labour Party combined won less than 60 percent of the party vote in the November 2026 New Zealand general election

New Zealand switched its electoral system from first-past-the-post to mixed-member proportional representation in 1996

The Opportunity Party won seven seats in the November 2026 election to enter the New Zealand Parliament for the first time

The ACT New Zealand party secured 11 percent of the vote in the November 2026 general election

The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand secured 14 percent of the vote in the November 2026 general election

Abdul El-Sayed won approximately 52% of the vote in the Michigan United States Senate race against Republican Mike Rogers

At least seven Muslim candidates were elected to the United States Congress in the November 2026 midterm elections

Following the 2011 Arab Spring, the Muslim Brotherhood ran political candidates in democratic elections in Egypt and Tunisia

Hamas participated in Palestinian parliamentary elections in 2006 and won a majority of seats

In democratic systems like the United States, citizens possess the electoral mechanism to replace the governing party in subsequent elections

Democratic Senator John Ossoff won reelection to the United States Senate representing Georgia

Keisha Lance Bottoms became the first Democrat to win a Georgia gubernatorial election in more than 25 years

Seven Black women won statewide office in Georgia alongside Keisha Lance Bottoms, including Penny Brown Reynolds as Secretary of State and Tanya Miller as Attorney General

Keisha Lance Bottoms was elected governor of Georgia, becoming the first Black woman elected governor of a United States state