The president of Mississippi's 1890 constitutional convention declared that delegates had gathered to exclude Black people from voting

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Blanche Kelso Bruce, who was born into slavery, served a full term as an elected United States Senator representing Mississippi during Reconstruction

The Department of Justice filed an emergency application seeking an injunction requiring California to segregate 20,000 ballots of voters alleged to be noncitizens

In Mississippi, approximately 70,000 individuals are disenfranchised due to felony convictions, with Black individuals accounting for two-thirds of that total

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race

Former United States Senators John C. Calhoun and Strom Thurmond both represented South Carolina in Congress

The United States Supreme Court declined to review a constitutional challenge to Mississippi's felony disenfranchisement provision

The United States Supreme Court permitted the New Hampshire Secretary of State to limit the use of student identification cards for voter verification

Between the 1880s and the 1930s, approximately 5,000 lynchings occurred in the United States

The United States Supreme Court denied without noted dissents the Department of Justice's emergency application to segregate 20,000 California ballots

Following World War II, the United States provided Western European nations with security guarantees and reconstruction aid through the Marshall Plan

During the 1980s, the United States government supported democratic political transitions in East Asian nations including South Korea and the Philippines

The United States Constitution and Bill of Rights provide legal guarantees that restrict federal and state governmental intervention in individual life

By the 1980s, the United States chapter of the Muslim Brotherhood operated through several covert front organizations designated as cultural groups

The Muslim Students Association was designated as an unindicted co-conspirator in the 2008 Holy Land Foundation federal terror financing trial

By the 1980s, the United States chapter of the Muslim Brotherhood operated under a hierarchical governing body known as the Shura Council

During the Cold War, the United States provided foreign policy support to right-wing authoritarian regimes in Latin America

During the 1980s, the United States government supported transitions toward electoral democracy in Latin American countries including Brazil, Peru, and Argentina

In early 1988, an international Muslim Brotherhood delegation met with American Brotherhood leaders to arrange media, political, and financial backing for Hamas

In 2008, federal prosecutors in the Holy Land Foundation trial proved that a Hamas-linked fundraising network operated on United States territory

When Dalia Ziada was an 18-year-old student in Cairo during the Second Intifada, she observed anti-Israel campus protest organizers burning the Egyptian flag