Domestic crypto trading volume in South Korea is heavily concentrated between Upbit and Bithumb, which offer only spot trading while offshore platforms provide perpetual futures with high leverage

The venues where digital assets trade, from Coinbase and Binance to decentralized protocols, with their listings, licenses, custody and failures.

Futures, options, and perpetual swaps tied to digital-asset prices, letting traders hedge or lever positions and often dwarfing spot volumes.