Starknet relies on Ethereum for bridge messaging and blob data availability using KZG commitments and elliptic-curve cryptography, which StarkWare identified as post-quantum vulnerabilities that cannot upgrade independently while remaining a Layer 2.

Whether quantum computers could break the cryptography securing Bitcoin and other blockchains, and how networks plan to migrate before that day.

Assurance that the data behind blockchain transactions is published and retrievable so anyone can verify the chain, a core bottleneck for scaling rollups.