Early 2021 stock tokens offered by Binance provided price exposure without voting rights and were discontinued in July 2021 due to European regulatory scrutiny.

Moving stocks, bonds, and other securities onto blockchains as tokenized assets, and the debates over investor protection, trading hours, and settlement.

Comprehensive legal regimes for digital assets, such as the EU's MiCA and proposed US market-structure bills, defining how tokens are issued, traded, and supervised.