Solana activated its Alpenglow consensus upgrade on mainnet-beta on October 21, 2026, replacing TowerBFT at slot 459,653,000

Base blockchains that settle transactions on their own network, such as Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche, competing on security, throughput, decentralization, and developer ecosystems.

Rules by which distributed networks agree on a shared ledger, from proof of work mining to proof of stake validation, trading off security, energy use, and decentralization.

Mainnet debuts, major upgrades, and ecosystem milestones that mark when networks ship, from genesis blocks to landmark hard forks.