Starknet aims to achieve full post-quantum security by 2027, two years ahead of Ethereum's projected 2029 target for quantum resistance.

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Google researchers estimated that a sufficiently powerful future quantum computer could theoretically derive a Bitcoin private key from an exposed public key in approximately 9 minutes.

Starknet's underlying ZK-STARK technology relies on hash-based cryptography and programmable accounts that allow adopting new signature schemes without a protocol upgrade.

Starknet relies on Ethereum for bridge messaging and blob data availability using KZG commitments and elliptic-curve cryptography, which StarkWare identified as post-quantum vulnerabilities that cannot upgrade independently while remaining a Layer 2.

Anza is researching a post-quantum upgrade named Quantumglow to introduce hash-based signatures while preserving 150-millisecond finality

Zakura's proposal for per-swap viewing keys limits potential quantum exposure to a single swap while keeping a wallet's main spending key unchanged, maintaining funds under a single account

A quantum computer running Shor's algorithm could theoretically recover an incoming viewing key from a publicly exposed Zcash address to link an account's wider payment history.

Zcash developers have targeted January 2027 for introducing post-quantum signature opcodes to protect transparent transactions.

Zcash developer Zakura proposed assigning a one-time incoming viewing key to every ZEC swap routed through NEAR Intents to protect transaction privacy against future quantum computing risks.

Shielded Labs announced project Epoch on October 1, 2026, aiming to develop post-quantum cryptography for Zcash by the end of 2027.

Coinbase published technical priorities on October 13, 2026, outlining options for Bitcoin's post-quantum migration, including staged wallet upgrades and freezing vulnerable dormant coins

A June 2026 study estimated that approximately 2.3 million Bitcoin held in lost, dormant, or early addresses cannot be moved to quantum-resistant addresses

Approximately 6.04 million to 6.26 million Bitcoin, representing over 30% of all mined Bitcoin, sit in quantum-vulnerable public key addresses

As of October 2026, Bitcoin had fallen nearly 35% from its October 2025 high, Ethereum over 50%, and Solana and XRP each 65%, partly attributed to quantum computing risks.

Almost the entire $2.9 trillion cryptocurrency market relies on classical signatures that could be compromised by sufficiently powerful quantum computers.

An estimated 6 million Bitcoin, representing over 30% of the total Bitcoin supply, is quantum-exposed at rest due to reliance on elliptic-curve signatures.

Algorand's post-quantum cryptography strategy requires delivering deployed network upgrades that institutional participants can evaluate.

Nine blockchain organizations formed the Quantum Alliance on October 15, 2026, to develop open standards for assessing quantum readiness across blockchain networks, wallets, and infrastructure.

Algorand CEO William Herkelrath established strengthening the network's post-quantum cryptography capabilities as a core pillar of his strategic brief.

Formed by nine blockchain organizations, the Quantum Alliance's migration group addresses moving existing funds and keys to post-quantum cryptographic schemes, including assets linked to exposed public keys or inaccessible accounts

The Quantum Alliance, a coalition of nine blockchain organizations, structured its standards development across four working groups covering blockchain migration, post-quantum zero-knowledge systems, wallet security, and cross-chain compatibility