France's national PSAN registration regime ended on July 2, 2026, leading to the removal of over 50 crypto providers without a MiCA license, including Gemini's European unit

The venues where digital assets trade, from Coinbase and Binance to decentralized protocols, with their listings, licenses, custody and failures.

Comprehensive legal regimes for digital assets, such as the EU's MiCA and proposed US market-structure bills, defining how tokens are issued, traded, and supervised.