Starknet's cryptographic proofs rely on hash functions, which are considered essential quantum-resistant building blocks, though Starknet outlined plans on June 30, 2026 to replace remaining elliptic-curve components

Whether quantum computers could break the cryptography securing Bitcoin and other blockchains, and how networks plan to migrate before that day.

Mathematical foundations of blockchains: hash functions, digital signatures, and encryption schemes that secure transactions, wallets, and consensus.