Oracle provider Pragma attributed Nostra's September 17, 2026, $3.5 million borrowing exploit to a manipulated on-chain pool, finding no decimals or median-calculation errors in its reconstruction

Financial services rebuilt as onchain protocols, offering lending, trading, derivatives and yield without traditional intermediaries.

Services that feed real-world data such as prices, weather, or event outcomes onto blockchains so smart contracts can act on information outside the chain.