Moving validator votes off-chain under Alpenglow is expected to reduce Solana's reported transaction counts and TPS because vote transactions are no longer included in blocks

Approaches to processing more transactions without sacrificing security or decentralization, spanning rollups, sharding, data compression, and faster consensus designs.

Rules by which distributed networks agree on a shared ledger, from proof of work mining to proof of stake validation, trading off security, energy use, and decentralization.