Starknet already utilizes hash-based STARK proofs and native account abstraction, enabling accounts to adopt post-quantum signatures without requiring a protocol upgrade

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Coinbase published technical priorities on October 13, 2026, outlining options for Bitcoin's post-quantum migration, including staged wallet upgrades and freezing vulnerable dormant coins

A June 2026 study estimated that approximately 2.3 million Bitcoin held in lost, dormant, or early addresses cannot be moved to quantum-resistant addresses

Google Quantum AI white papers estimated in March 2026 that breaking Bitcoin's elliptic curve cryptography would require 1,200 to 1,450 logical qubits or under 500,000 physical qubits

Approximately 6.04 million to 6.26 million Bitcoin, representing over 30% of all mined Bitcoin, sit in quantum-vulnerable public key addresses

As of October 2026, Bitcoin had fallen nearly 35% from its October 2025 high, Ethereum over 50%, and Solana and XRP each 65%, partly attributed to quantum computing risks.

Almost the entire $2.9 trillion cryptocurrency market relies on classical signatures that could be compromised by sufficiently powerful quantum computers.

An estimated 6 million Bitcoin, representing over 30% of the total Bitcoin supply, is quantum-exposed at rest due to reliance on elliptic-curve signatures.

Algorand's post-quantum cryptography strategy requires delivering deployed network upgrades that institutional participants can evaluate.

StarkWare introduced its STRK20 privacy framework on June 9, 2026, providing zero-knowledge shielded balances, private transfers, and viewing keys for auditing ERC-20 assets on Starknet.

When withdrawing from a Starknet Shadow Account, funds return to shielded STRK20 balances using zero-knowledge proofs managed by a Starknet wallet

StarkWare introduced the STRK20 framework on June 9, 2026, providing shielded balances and private transfers for supported ERC-20 assets on Starknet.

Starknet wallets handle zero-knowledge proof generation and shielded balance data during Shadow Account operations without requiring developers to access users' viewing keys.

Nine blockchain organizations formed the Quantum Alliance on October 15, 2026, to develop open standards for assessing quantum readiness across blockchain networks, wallets, and infrastructure.

Algorand CEO William Herkelrath established strengthening the network's post-quantum cryptography capabilities as a core pillar of his strategic brief.

Starknet derives each Shadow Account address from user-specific data, the selected application, and a unique identifier known as a nonce.

Formed by nine blockchain organizations, the Quantum Alliance's migration group addresses moving existing funds and keys to post-quantum cryptographic schemes, including assets linked to exposed public keys or inaccessible accounts

The Quantum Alliance, a coalition of nine blockchain organizations, structured its standards development across four working groups covering blockchain migration, post-quantum zero-knowledge systems, wallet security, and cross-chain compatibility

The Quantum Alliance, formed on October 15, 2026, comprises contributors from Quantus, American Fortress, Intmax, Keystone, Midnight Foundation, Postquant Labs, Abelian, The Vault, and Hacken

Forecasts cited by the Quantum Alliance indicate that practical quantum threats to existing cryptography could emerge around 2028 or 2029.

The Quantum Alliance will adopt an open development process modeled on the Internet Engineering Task Force, evaluating proposals through public evidence, rough consensus, and working implementations.