The January 2025 consent order between Gemini Trust Company and the CFTC imposed a $5 million civil monetary penalty and a permanent injunction barring Gemini from making false or misleading statements to the CFTC, following the 2022 Bitcoin futures lawsuit

How governments worldwide set rules for digital assets through legislation, agency rulemaking, licensing regimes and court fights.

Lawsuits, settlements and criminal cases brought by regulators and prosecutors against crypto firms and individuals.

Court decisions that shape digital-asset law, from Ripple and Coinbase rulings on securities status to criminal verdicts against exchange founders.