When estimating the statistical relationship, the BIS study's authors controlled for federal funds rates, U.S. Treasury yields, dollar movements, Bitcoin prices, and stock market volatility.

Tokens pegged to stable value, usually the US dollar, spanning issuers and reserves, depegs, and adoption by banks and payment networks.

The first and largest cryptocurrency, spanning its price and adoption, mining, protocol politics, and its contested role as digital money and inflation hedge.