ChainSecurity disclosed on October 22, 2026, that it had identified 13 real-world deployed mainnet contracts vulnerable to gas-accounting changes under Glamsterdam.

The largest smart-contract blockchain and its native asset ETH, covering protocol upgrades, staking, fee economics and institutional adoption.

Programs stored on a blockchain that execute automatically when conditions are met, forming the building blocks of DeFi, NFTs, and most on-chain applications.