Moving validator votes off-chain under the Alpenglow upgrade scheduled for October 21, 2026 is expected to significantly reduce Solana's reported on-chain transaction count without reflecting a decline in actual user trading activity

Reading public blockchain data such as wallet flows, exchange balances, and holder behavior to gauge market activity and sentiment.

Approaches to processing more transactions without sacrificing security or decentralization, spanning rollups, sharding, data compression, and faster consensus designs.