StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson stated at the Token2049 conference that Starknet's transitioning to a layer 1 would give Starknet direct control over its own consensus, security model, and cryptographic upgrades

How blockchain protocols make collective decisions about upgrades, funding, and rules, whether through on-chain voting, off-chain social consensus, or foundation stewardship.

Base blockchains that settle transactions on their own network, such as Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche, competing on security, throughput, decentralization, and developer ecosystems.

Rules by which distributed networks agree on a shared ledger, from proof of work mining to proof of stake validation, trading off security, energy use, and decentralization.