The FCA initiated legal action against HTX in October 2025 in London's High Court after the exchange repeatedly failed to engage with the regulator

How governments worldwide set rules for digital assets through legislation, agency rulemaking, licensing regimes and court fights.

Lawsuits, settlements and criminal cases brought by regulators and prosecutors against crypto firms and individuals.

Licensing, custody, and market-conduct rules for platforms where people trade digital assets, shaped by collapses like FTX and jurisdictional disputes between regulators.