Filter theories of consciousness, from thinkers like Henri Bergson and Aldous Huxley, posit that consciousness is a field existing outside the brain

Overview Debates Related claims Topics

Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico formulated a cyclical theory of human historical progression and civilizational development

Philosopher Alan Watts published The Wisdom of Insecurity: A Message for an Age of Anxiety in 1951

Dr. Ellen Vora defines a witch as any woman who has reclaimed intuitive, mystical, and embodied ways of knowing

Human supremacy describes an anthropocentric worldview that prioritizes human interests over all other biological life

Vivek Ramaswamy and Pablo Torre were enrolled together in the Harvard University philosophy course 'Moral Reasoning 22: Justice.'

Descartes proposed intuitive dualism, the idea that the mind is fundamentally separate from the physical body

Fyodor Dostoevsky explored themes of faith and autonomous moral decision-making in his novel The Brothers Karamazov

Jean-Luc Mélenchon's political confrontation strategy is derived from the political theories of Belgian philosopher Chantal Mouffe

A delay in the brain's internal speech timing causes inner thoughts to be perceived as an external voice

Psychologist Carl Jung posited that dreams operate as a spontaneous, symbolic compensatory mechanism that balances the conscious ego with the unconscious mind

Hal Elrod's operating philosophy combines personal responsibility, proactive effort, and rigorous execution with faith in unseen possibilities

Liminality in a crisis describes a tipping point after which conditions permanently change, requiring adaptation

The Stoic practice of premeditatio malorum involves deliberately contemplating potential negative outcomes to reduce anxiety and prepare responses

Nassim Nicholas Taleb defined antifragility as the attribute of systems that grow stronger when exposed to volatility, stressors, and disruption

The Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius authored the classic Stoic philosophical text known as Meditations

Graham Wood argued in The Atlantic that watching violent death irreversibly damages a spectator's humanity and dignity

Following World War II, writer C.S. Lewis argued against abandoning the retributive theory of punishment

C.S. Lewis argued that prioritizing rehabilitation and deterrence over retribution dehumanizes a criminal and can lead to tyranny

C.S. Lewis argued that a sole focus on deterrence could justify punishing an innocent person to set an example

Societies that reject truth, evidence, and systems of analysis will ultimately collapse