Active inference and the free energy principle posit that human cognitive networks evolved fundamentally to predict environmental outcomes and reduce uncertainty

Overview Debates Related claims Topics

Intellectually recognizing the universal impermanence of difficult situations prevents individuals from assuming hardships will persist permanently

Past emotional conditioning can bias present-day perception and trigger defensive, impulsive reactions

Higher dietary consumption of ultra-processed food in children is associated with impaired executive function, memory, learning, and emotional regulation

The amygdala regulates emotional processing in the human brain

The nucleus accumbens regulates reward processing and motivation in the human brain

The sensory experience of smelling food during preparation triggers an increase in digestive enzyme secretion

Human cognitive test performance peaks following seven hours of nightly sleep, deteriorating with both lesser and greater sleep amounts

Cognitive psychologist Steven Pinker published historical statistical analyses showing long-term declines in global human violence

Neuroimaging research conducted at the University of Wisconsin indicates meditation trains practitioners to observe chaotic mental activity as separate from the conscious observer

A player performing one step of strategic reasoning in the two-thirds of the average game chooses 33 based on the assumption that others choose 50 on average

In large-scale iterations of the two-thirds of the average game, choices of 33 and 22 appear far more frequently than choices of 1 or 0

Time discounting experiments evaluate intertemporal preferences by offering subjects choices between smaller immediate monetary rewards and larger delayed rewards

Strategic reasoning depth in cognitive hierarchy games correlates positively with individual working memory capacity

Level-zero players in cognitive hierarchy models make non-strategic decisions, such as picking random, salient, or lucky numbers

In the 11-20 game, players choose an integer between 11 and 20, winning their chosen amount plus a bonus of 20 if their choice is one below their opponent's

Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the concept of framing effects, where logically equivalent representations of an event alter decision-making

In a study by Eric Johnson, asking individuals their likelihood of surviving to age 75 produced probability estimates that did not sum to 100% with mortality likelihood estimates

The neural autopilot model posits that habit mode relies on retrieving the previous action and its absolute reward prediction error rather than re-evaluating options

In the two-thirds of the average game, participants pick numbers from 0 to 100, and the winner is whoever is closest to two-thirds of the average chosen number

Action slips occur when an individual automatically executes habitual routines despite environmental changes requiring conscious intervention