Risks of ZK-wrapped and single-ID systems

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Vitalik Buterin rejects the use of proof-of-wealth as the sole anti-Sybil mechanism, arguing that it concentrates power among the wealthy and excludes users who cannot afford access.

Vitalik Buterin warned that enforcing one-per-person digital identity systems may result in a world where all online activity is tied to a single public identity, increasing the risk of government and employer surveillance.

Worldcoin’s approach to digital identity based on biometric scanning and strict one-ID-per-person rules is cited by Vitalik Buterin as a model that could undermine user autonomy and increase coercion risk despite ZK protections.

Vitalik Buterin identified a major risk in single ID systems where platforms can force users to maintain a single identity, removing the ability to operate multiple pseudonymous accounts.

Vitalik Buterin acknowledges that systems like Worldcoin, which use zero-knowledge proofs to issue biometric-based IDs, solve some privacy problems but still expose users to risks such as coercion and surveillance.

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