Vitalik Buterin acknowledges that systems like Worldcoin, which use zero-knowledge proofs to issue biometric-based IDs, solve some privacy problems but still expose users to risks such as coercion and surveillance.

Date

June 28, 2025

Quotes that support claims

Buterin argued that ZK proof wrapped digital IDs still have loopholes that could compromise privacy.

“ZK-wrapping solves a lot of important problems,” he wrote, but warned that “ZK-wrapped ID still has risks,” especially because enforcing one ID per person can undermine pseudonymity and expose users to coercion.

World, which uses biometric scans combined with zero-knowledge proofs to issue World IDs, is the most prominent example, boasting over 26 million users globally.

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Week 26 of 2025