Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin proposed a three-stage security model for Ethereum Layer 2 rollups

Event date

May 7, 2025

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Vitalik Buterin has introduced a three-stage security model for Ethereum rollups.

The three "stages" of Ethereum rollup security can be described in terms of when a security council is allowed to override trustless (ie. pure cryptographic or game-theoretic) components:

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Week 19 of 2025