The European Peace Facility's consensus requirement makes it ineffective for crisis response

Security arrangement under which states commit to treat an attack on one as an attack on all, obliging joint response. Underpins alliances such as NATO and provisions of the UN Charter, making shared deterrence and coordinated military planning central instruments of international stability.

The political and economic process by which European countries pool policy-making through the European Union, including treaty reform, enlargement, the single market, common budgets and shared foreign, security and defence policy.