President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva signed a national policy law for critical minerals and maintained trade relationships that brought a record $6.1 billion in Chinese investment across 52 projects to Brazil

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Senator Flávio Bolsonaro pledged during his presidential campaign to align Brazil with a US-led security alliance and offer Brazilian rare earth mineral reserves to Washington instead of China

In 2022, Algerian energy company Sonatrach signed a production-sharing agreement with Niger's petroleum ministry for the Kafra region, where two exploration wells held proven reserves of 168 million and 100 million barrels of oil

The U.S. Department of State expressed support for increased U.S. energy exports to India to help meet consumer demand and diversify Indian supply chains

US efforts to expand economic partnerships in Central Asia during Marco Rubio's October 2026 visit focused on securing access to the region's rare earth and critical mineral supplies.

China's real estate development investment declined by 20.6% year-on-year during the first nine months of 2026.

China's economy grew by 4.6% overall during the first nine months of 2026.

Earlier this month, the International Monetary Fund lowered its 2026 economic growth forecast for China to 4.5%.

Chinese government policy sets an official annual economic growth target of 4.5% to 5% for 2026.

Fixed-asset investment in China contracted 7.2% year-on-year over the first nine months of 2026.

In late September 2026, Chinese authorities introduced economic support measures including targeted interest rate cuts and mortgage subsidies.

China's industrial production rose 5.5% year-on-year in September 2026, driven by hi-tech manufacturing and robust foreign demand for electronics and autos.

China's gross domestic product expanded by 4.5% year-on-year in the third quarter of 2026, accelerating from 4.3% in the second quarter.

The C5+1 joint statement issued in Samarkand on October 19, 2026 outlined plans to expand mineral extraction and develop pathways for regional value-added exports to international markets.

Earlier this month, China allocated 550 billion yuan of unused debt quota to alleviate local government financial pressures and support infrastructure spending.

China's fixed-asset investment rose 0.7% month-on-month in September 2026.

New home prices across 70 Chinese cities fell 0.14% month-on-month in September 2026, following a 0.17% drop in August 2026.

China's industrial production rose 5.3% year-on-year over the first nine months of 2026.

Economist Tianchen Xu of the Economist Intelligence Unit projects China's full-year 2026 GDP growth to reach 4.7%.

Attorney Hervé Diakese stated that misappropriated mining revenues allowed individuals close to President Felix Tshisekedi to maintain luxury lifestyles far beyond their legitimate incomes.

The Belgian police raids were conducted as part of an investigation into money laundering linked to misappropriated mining revenues from the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Katanga province.