China is becoming a credible alternative to the United States as a security partner for Middle Eastern states

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Xi Jinping arrived in Cairo for his first visit to Egypt in a decade, marking 70 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The visit follows expanding Chinese investment in Egyptian ports, manufacturing, clean energy and satellite technology, alongside growing military cooperation. It comes as Egypt and other Middle Eastern states reassess their reliance on U.S. security guarantees amid regional conflicts.