Nuclear concessions should be negotiated separately from a ceasefire and the reopening of Hormuz

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Vice-President JD Vance said an agreement ending the war requires a meaningful reduction in Iran's uranium-enrichment capacity. He said Washington remains in contact with Iranian leaders, while a senior Iranian official disputed the US account of nuclear negotiations and insisted that recognition of Iran's right to enrich is a red line.