Foreign suppliers to Iran's transport industries should be exempt from US sanctions for essential civilian goods

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Diplomatic, economic, and military relations between the United States and Iran, including negotiations, sanctions, and regional tensions within the wider geopolitics shaping the global order.

Washington sanctioned major Iranian carmakers, railway companies and foreign suppliers as part of its wartime economic campaign. The measures target transport routes Iran has relied on amid the maritime blockade and raise concerns about civilian costs.