The United States should reinstate personal sanctions if Venezuela fails to agree a binding election timetable

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

The US Treasury removed Venezuelan National Assembly president Jorge Rodríguez from its sanctions list on 14 October. The decision accompanied renewed political negotiations and wider US–Venezuela engagement. Venezuela's promised elections still lacked a firm date, and the removal did not establish completed institutional reforms.