The UN Commission reported that the 'Yellow Line' ceasefire boundary expanded Israeli military control from roughly 51 to 53 percent of Gaza at the October 2025 ceasefire to at least 60 percent by October 2026

An ongoing armed conflict between Israel and Hamas that escalated on October 7, 2023, when Hamas launched a large-scale assault on southern Israel, killing over 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages. Israel's subsequent military campaign in Gaza has triggered a severe humanitarian crisis with mass casualties and widespread displacement.