The United States should offer sanctions relief for a verified freeze on North Korean submarine-based missile development

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

North Korea's pursuit of nuclear weapons and the missiles to deliver them, covering its nuclear and missile programmes and the tests and facility developments that neighbouring states and international monitors track.

North Korea reported testing two types of submarine-launched strategic cruise missiles on 14 October. South Korea said it tracked the launches and assessed that different launch systems were used. The tests advanced Pyongyang's naval ambitions without demonstrating a fully operational submarine-based nuclear deterrent.