Secretary-General António Guterres advocated taxing windfall profits of fossil fuel companies to compensate developing countries experiencing catastrophic climate impacts

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African Group of Negotiators chair Antwi-Boasiako Amoah demanded that a formal delivery pathway for tripling climate adaptation finance be added to the COP31 agenda

Alliance of Small Island States chair Ilana Seid stated that member nations will focus at COP31 on securing greater finance access and returning to the 1.5-degree warming target

Fill the Fund campaign global convener Harjeet Singh noted that only $822 million has been pledged to the UN loss and damage fund against hundreds of billions needed annually by 2030

Global nature conservation efforts face an estimated annual funding shortfall of $700 billion needed to restore degraded ecosystems and protect endangered species by 2030.

The UN-backed Cali Fund, established to share corporate profits from genetic material usage for conservation in developing countries, has raised only $10,000 toward its $1 billion annual goal since launching in early 2025.

During COP17, the European Union urged wealthy emerging economies, including Gulf states and China, to join the formal donor group providing global biodiversity financing to developing nations.

Delegates at COP17 announced over $1.8 billion in new nature funding commitments, including pledges from philanthropic groups such as Leonardo DiCaprio's Re:wild organization.

The British Columbia Conservative Party's platform included removing emissions limits, replacing the provincial carbon tax framework, and inviting back energy companies like ExxonMobil, Chevron, and Woodside

The European Commission proposed raising approximately €60 billion annually through EU-wide levies, including carbon market contributions, carbon-intensive import tariffs, electronic waste taxes, tobacco duties, and corporate levies.

Nepal's Foreign Minister Shisir Khanal stated that the G7 informally promised support at a meeting on September 23, 2026, and Britain also committed to assist.

In September 2026, the United States announced $31 million in new flood recovery support for Nepal, while the World Bank made available up to $170 million in emergency financing.

Nepal's Prime Minister Balendra Shah argued at the United Nations General Assembly on September 24, 2026, that vulnerable nations should receive adequate grant-based support rather than being forced to take on additional debt to rebuild.

Nepal requested $20 million in aid from the United Nations Loss and Damage Fund, which represents the maximum allowed sum but only a fraction of the estimated $5 billion in damages from the August 2026 floods.

Eurofer head Alex Eggert stated that withdrawing carbon leakage protection too quickly risks undermining the multi-billion-euro investments in electrification, hydrogen, and CCS/CCU needed to make the industrial transition to climate-neutrality

The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism requires importers of carbon-heavy goods like steel, aluminum, and fertilizer to declare embedded CO2 emissions and pay a levy exceeding European Union standards.

Russia filed its initial World Trade Organization complaint against the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in May 2025, requesting consultations that the European Union rejected.

Trading partners including Brazil, South Africa, and India oppose the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, arguing that the levy creates additional challenges for developing economies.

The World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body agreed on September 25, 2026 to establish an expert panel to review Russia's complaint against the European Union's carbon border levy.

Russia argues that granting certain companies quotas under the European Union Emissions Trading System effectively amounts to an export subsidy and strengthens the competitive position of European producers.

The European Union Emissions Trading System has helped cut emissions from covered sectors by more than 50% since 2005 while generating more than €270 billion in revenues.