In 2022, Algerian energy company Sonatrach signed a production-sharing agreement with Niger's petroleum ministry for the Kafra region, where two exploration wells held proven reserves of 168 million and 100 million barrels of oil

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Algerian state energy company Sonatrach is working with Niger and Nigeria on the Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline to transport natural gas through Niger and Algeria to European markets

Senator Flávio Bolsonaro pledged during his presidential campaign to align Brazil with a US-led security alliance and offer Brazilian rare earth mineral reserves to Washington instead of China

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva signed a national policy law for critical minerals and maintained trade relationships that brought a record $6.1 billion in Chinese investment across 52 projects to Brazil

Algerian Sen. Belkacem Boulghiti stated that Algerian troops are being deployed to Niger to protect Algeria's economic infrastructure and strategic interests, particularly oil facilities

The U.S. Department of State expressed support for increased U.S. energy exports to India to help meet consumer demand and diversify Indian supply chains

President Donald Trump announced an agreement on October 9, 2026, allowing Russia to supply diesel to the global market, authorized via Treasury General License 135 through April 7, 2027.

President Donald Trump stated that allowing Russian diesel onto the global market aims to lower fuel prices for American consumers and signal potential economic benefits to Moscow.

The Lindsey O. Graham Act would have imposed tariffs of up to 100 percent on imports from the five largest buyers of Russian crude oil or gas.

US efforts to expand economic partnerships in Central Asia during Marco Rubio's October 2026 visit focused on securing access to the region's rare earth and critical mineral supplies.

The administration of U.S. President Donald Trump has intensified pressure on Cuba through an oil blockade intended to force changes to Cuba's political system.

U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order waiving key sanctions and tariffs on Russian goods and energy purchases scheduled under the Graham Act.

Six Republican senators joined Democrats in calling on President Donald Trump to rescind the Russian diesel agreement and fully implement the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act.

A bipartisan group of 22 House lawmakers submitted a letter requesting that President Donald Trump revoke Treasury General License 135 for Russian diesel.

The C5+1 joint statement issued in Samarkand on October 19, 2026 outlined plans to expand mineral extraction and develop pathways for regional value-added exports to international markets.

Security risks and travel disruptions led Chief Executives from ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron, and BP to pull out of the World Petroleum Council Energy Congress in Riyadh prior to the event

Riyadh hosted the World Petroleum Council Energy Congress, an international energy summit, in the week prior to October 19, 2026

A Houthi strike hit the headquarters of state oil giant Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia, impacting the world's top oil exporter

Attorney Hervé Diakese stated that misappropriated mining revenues allowed individuals close to President Felix Tshisekedi to maintain luxury lifestyles far beyond their legitimate incomes.

The Belgian police raids were conducted as part of an investigation into money laundering linked to misappropriated mining revenues from the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Katanga province.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds some of the world's largest reserves of copper, cobalt, and strategic minerals, but its mining sector is plagued by corruption allegations.