The UN Commission of Inquiry report found that Israeli forces committed crimes against humanity and war crimes in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including extermination, persecution, torture, rape, and sexual violence

An ongoing armed conflict between Israel and Hamas that escalated on October 7, 2023, when Hamas launched a large-scale assault on southern Israel, killing over 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages. Israel's subsequent military campaign in Gaza has triggered a severe humanitarian crisis with mass casualties and widespread displacement.