Sanctions against commanders implicated in civilian attacks should take priority over securing their participation in peace negotiations

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Drone attacks in Blue Nile and attacks on humanitarian vehicles in South Kordofan have intensified concerns about civilian protection and food delivery. Emergency Lawyers blamed the RSF for a Damazin strike that killed four women and a separate 9 October strike reportedly killing 41 displaced people. Attribution remains qualified.