States imposing unilateral transit tolls should face coordinated economic sanctions

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Sixty countries backed a declaration opposing tolls and discriminatory restrictions in international straits. The initiative supports freedom of navigation and defensive multilateral cooperation, but remains a political commitment rather than a binding agreement or an announced maritime mission.