US sanctions relief should be conditional on verified restoration of commercial passage through Hormuz

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Iran characterised Washington's response to its Hormuz proposal as insufficient, saying some conditions had been accepted while others remained unclear. Exchanges through intermediaries continued without an announced agreement, leaving the sequencing of reopening, sanctions relief and an end to fighting unresolved.