Normalising US–Cuba relations would advance political and economic reform in Cuba

A comprehensive overview of ongoing and historical armed conflicts, military engagements and geopolitical tensions shaping the world today.

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Washington and Havana are facing sharper confrontation after new U.S. sanctions targeting Cuban officials and military-linked elites, amid accusations of repression and threats to U.S. national security. The dispute is also being fueled by Cuba’s economic and energy crisis, migration pressures, and renewed legal/political pressure over assets seized after the Cuban Revolution.