European courts, including the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice, previously ruled that Law and Justice (PiS) majority appointments rendered Poland's Constitutional Tribunal non-independent

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The European Commission previously froze billions of euros in European Union funding earmarked for Poland due to concerns regarding judicial independence under the Law and Justice (PiS) government

European Union leaders Ursula von der Leyen and Antonio Costa praised the outcome of Serbia's October 25, 2026 parliamentary election and expressed readiness to support rule-of-law reforms and advance Serbia's EU membership path

The European Union states that Georgia has backslid on democratic reforms so significantly that it is considered an EU candidate country in name only