The European Union runs a trade deficit with China of more than $1.1 billion a day, with Chinese exports to the EU rising 16% over the first nine months of 2026.

The political and economic union of European states — the broader institutional context for the European Research Council's funding of AI archaeology projects.

Political, economic and trade relations between the European Union and China, including trade-defence measures, vehicle and industrial-goods trade, supplies of critical raw materials such as rare earths, investment screening and diplomatic dialogue.