Ethiopia's renewed Tigray offensive has destroyed the basis of the 2022 peace agreement

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

Fighting between Ethiopian federal forces and Tigrayan forces in northern Ethiopia, including airstrikes and artillery fire, and its spillover into relations with Eritrea, Egypt and neighbouring states, raising fears of a wider regional war.