The United States should withhold sanctions relief until Russian compliance with an energy ceasefire is verified

Study and practice of how sovereign states, international institutions, and non-state actors interact across borders. Encompasses diplomacy, negotiation, alliances, and conflict — the foundational domain through which global order is constructed, contested, and maintained.

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Trump announced an energy ceasefire, but Ukraine said it was awaiting details and reported continuing Russian attacks on energy infrastructure. Kyiv supported reciprocal restraint, while the agreement's terms, verification arrangements and implementation remained unclear.