Expanding legal migration routes would reduce smuggling more effectively than additional border-enforcement funding

Cross-border movement of people, including asylum seekers, refugees, and policy responses.

The EU committed an additional €25 million to migration cooperation in eastern Libya, covering border management, search and rescue, and anti-smuggling activities. The funding expands engagement with authorities in territory controlled by Khalifa Haftar while the EU continues to recognise the Tripoli-based government.