All of West Kordofan state, an oil-rich region linking western and eastern Sudan, is under the control of the Rapid Support Forces.

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Sudan has been gripped by war since April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, drawing in local militias and foreign powers

The oil-rich Abyei region is jointly administered by South Sudan and Sudan, with both nations maintaining competing territorial claims and experiencing frequent inter-ethnic or militia clashes

In 2025, a drone attack by separatist armed groups on a United Nations base in Abyei killed at least six Bangladeshi peacekeepers and wounded eight others

Separatist militants in Iran's southeastern Sistan and Baluchestan province have killed at least eight Iranian security personnel in three weeks, including a police officer, a Basij fighter, and a senior IRGC commander.

UN Undersecretary-General Rosemary DiCarlo informed the Security Council that the warring parties in Sudan are making no progress toward dialogue and rely on external support to make battlefield gains.

The United Nations reported that more than 1,100 people were killed in drone attacks across Sudan during the first half of 2026.

Emergency Lawyers reported that the Sudanese military bombed a market in al-Muglad with drones on Saturday, October 17, 2026.

An October 18, 2026 drone strike near a market in Al-Dibab, West Kordofan state, killed 80 people, with 50 buried at the scene and 47 injured transported to Al-Mujlad, where 30 died from injuries.

The Sudanese military has conducted repeated drone strikes in Kordofan in recent months to counter Rapid Support Forces territorial gains made after consolidating control over Darfur.

The military junta ruling Mali since back-to-back coups in 2020 and 2021 turned to Russia for security support, enlisting Wagner Group paramilitaries who were rebranded as Africa Corps in 2025.

Malian military leaders enlisted Russian Africa Corps paramilitaries in response to a severe April 25, 2026 insurgent offensive across Mali.

Insurgent fighters from al-Qaeda-affiliated JNIM and the Tuareg-led Azawad Liberation Front captured, tortured, and executed at least 19 Malian soldiers following a July 18, 2026 convoy attack in Tabrichat.

Armed Conflict Location and Event Data showed Malian forces and Russia's Africa Corps carried out dozens of drone strikes from April to August 2026 that killed scores of civilians.

Nationwide attacks launched on April 25, 2026 by al-Qaeda affiliate JNIM and Tuareg-led separatists killed Mali's defense minister and targeted multiple towns and Bamako's main airport.

Mali's government has previously denied killing civilians during counter-insurgency operations.

JNIM's Sharia Committee acknowledged that captured Malian soldiers were killed following the July 2026 Tabrichat clash but denied ordering executions, while the Azawad Liberation Front denied executing soldiers entirely.

Yorktown Institute senior fellow Shay Khatiri predicted that local separatist movements in Iran will likely multiply and consolidate power as the Iranian regime weakens.

During the Long March in China's civil war, communist forces escaped from their Kuomintang rivals, setting the stage for their ultimate return to power

Colombia's 2016 peace deal between the government and FARC granted FARC leadership 10 seats in Colombia's Congress and established the Special Jurisdiction for Peace to investigate conflict atrocities.

Three former members of the FARC's last secretariat, including former Senator Julian Gallo, are among the 10 individuals charged by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace.