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Organ markets refer to the buying and selling of human organs for transplantation, a practice banned in most countries under the World Health Organization's guiding principles and national laws. Despite these prohibitions, a global black market for organs persists, driven by the shortage of organs available for transplant.

The ethical debate encompasses the tension between increasing organ supply through market mechanisms and the concerns about exploitation of vulnerable populations, the commodification of the human body, and the impact on altruistic donation systems.