The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review estimated that Insmed's lung-disease drug Brinsupri and Merck & Co.'s Winrevair require 90% price discounts to meet cost-effectiveness guidelines.

Drug pricing and affordability, FDA drug approvals, clinical trial design, drug shortages, insurer coverage, pharmaceutical regulation, and medication access.

Drug pricing policy, insurance prior authorization, and essential drug shortages affecting medication affordability and access.